Non-thermal membrane effects of electromagnetic fields and therapeutic applications in oncology

The temperature-independent effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been controversial for decades. Here, we critically analyze the available literature on non-thermal radiofrequency (RF) and microwave EMF. We present a review preclinical clinical data antiproliferative various EMF applications, including conventional RF hyperthermia (HT, cRF-HT). Further, suggest evaluate plausible biophysical electrophysiological models to decipher membrane effects. Available provide sufficient evidence existence exposure cRF-HT, in particular, amplitude modulated (AM)-RF-HT. In our model, transmembrane ion channels function like rectifiers low-pass filters. cRF-HT induces fluxes AM-RF-HT additionally promotes vibrations at specific resonance frequencies, which explains via disequilibrium (especially Ca2+) and/or resonances causing depolarization, opening certain channels, or even hole formation. may be tumor-specific owing cancer-specific because, with increasing malignancy, elasticity parameters differ from that normal tissues. Published suggests are likely exist could high potential improve future treatments oncology.